ABSTRACT Background: The Amazon rainforest plays an essential role in sheltering global biodiversity and providing essential ecosystem services. However, the region has been threatened by increased rates of deforestation and degradation, which is often reported as the failure of the Brazilian conservation policy that could affect the image of agriculture Brazilian products abroad. In this sense, here we aimed to evaluate the foreign environmental perception of the region using data from social medias, to assess which are the main terms related to the region, how their importance varies over time and whether this perception tends to be more negative or positive. For this, we used data from posts made on Twitter® involving the term “Amazon rainforest” over 18 weeks using a data mining process. From these posts, we extracted the text, which went through steps of cleaning and organization, as well as crossing with additional databases (such as the sentiment dictionary). From the final data set, we first evaluated which are the main terms present in these posts and how their importance varied in the evaluated period. Next, we assess whether the terms cited are mainly negative or positive and how this sentiment varied over the monitoring period. Results: We found that the main terms are related to the environmental context such as “carbon”, “deforestation” and “fire” and that there is a relationship between their importance and the occurrence of fires in the region, which is positive with a temporal lag. In addition, we also found that the posts are, on average, composed of 68.47% of negative terms and that this sentiment predominates throughout the entire time series, being higher during the fire peaks in the region. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the environmental perception of the region presented in the posts in Twitter® is mainly negative, due to the degradation and fires observed over the last few years. We also discuss limitations of the approach and establish perspectives for future work.

ABSTRACT Background: Monodominant Eremanthus erythropappus forests are dispersed in neotropical montane regions of southeastern and northeastern Brazil, forming ecotonal areas among other high altitude phytophysiognomies, with no information from their fauna communities and how these communities vary between phytophysiognomies adjacent. We examined the bird community of three preserved and three managed E. erythropappus forests, and compared them two other coexisting phytophysiognomies (cloud forests and montane fields), being three samples of each, in an ecotonal region between two biodiversity hotspot domains (Cerrado and Atlantic Forest), in southeastern Brazil (1300 to 1570m high). Results: The bird community of the natural E. erythropappus forests was shared with other vegetation, while the managed E. erythropappus forests presented the lowest species richness. However, even though managed E. erythropappus forests has almost no exclusive elements, their community caused a balanced variation (a set of very similar species, only changing the representativeness), suggesting that the abundance of the registered species varies along these phytophysiognomies. Conclusion: The species associated with the natural E. erythropappus forests represented 50% of the total species, in contrast to the remaining 50% associated with the areas of cloud forests and montane fields, and their sharing behaves as an ecotonal community, since its community coincides with elements which are also present in the avifauna of the other two sampled phytophysiognomies. The composition of the avifauna from managed E. erythropappus forests was more similar to the community registered in the montane fields.

Abstract Currently, protected areas around the world have a demand for volunteer work. At the same time, people in several countries that house protected areas seek out these spaces to serve as volunteers. This process occurs in a scenario strongly influenced by the neoliberal economy, which is marked by cuts in environmental management budgets and increased protected areas visitation. Based on this context, the objective was to analyze the role of volunteer work in protected areas in the context of neoliberal paradigm predominance. For this purpose, it was established a current overview of volunteer activity through a case study in Brazil by collecting information from volunteers and managers, heads or managers of protected areas receptive to volunteer work in interviews using structured questionnaires. It was found that Parques Nacionais are the categories with the greatest demand for volunteer work. It was also found the most part of volunteers is between 20 and 30 years old, and their education level is higher education in undergraduate courses related to biological sciences. It was identified significant differences between the perceptions of managers and volunteers about volunteer work objectives. However, both groups indicated that “Environmental education/environmental interaction and interpretation” and “Support for visitation” are the most frequently performed activities, and the main form of support and trade-off for volunteer work is the offering of certificates. Thus, volunteer work seeks to contribute to the protected areas objectives by supporting the management of these areas during public use activities. However, in the current scenario, this work is palliative in the face of the impacts of the dismantling of environmental policy that affects most countries that have Protected areas and have surrendered to neoliberal conservation.

RESUMO Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar as possíveis correlações entre os indicadores de desenvolvimento socioeconômico dos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e a presença de unidades de conservação (UC), tanto de uso sustentável como de proteção integral. Os valores de Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e Índice de Gini (IG) foram comparados entre os municípios com e sem UC pelo teste não paramétrico Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Testaram-se as correlações entre IDH e IG de cada município e suas áreas ocupadas por UC através do teste não paramétrico de correlação de Spearman. Identificaram-se 560 UC nos 853 municípios do estado. Os municípios com UC não apresentaram IDH significativamente diferentes dos demais, mas encontraram-se diferenças significativas nos valores de IG, superiores nos municípios com UC. Não se encontraram correlações significativas entre os IDH dos municípios e suas áreas ocupadas por UC. Mas encontraram-se correlações significativas entre IG e as áreas ocupadas por UC, associando as UC a maiores desigualdades socioeconômicas. Deve-se incorporar as populações aos esforços de conservação por meio de programas que as beneficiem, em especial o pagamento por serviços ambientais, entre outras estratégias conservacionistas.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible correlations between the socioeconomic development indicators of the municipalities of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and the presence of both sustainable use and full protection conservation areas (CAs). The Human Development Index (HDI) and Gini Index (GI) values were compared between municipalities with and without CAs using the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. The correlations between the HDI and GI of each municipality and its areas occupied by CAs were analyzed using the non-parametric Spearman correlation test. A total of 560 CAs were identified in the 853 municipalities of the state. The HDI values of municipalities with CAs were not significantly different from those of other areas, but significant differences were found in the GI values, which were higher in municipalities with CAs. No significant correlations were found between the HDI of municipalities and their areas occupied by CAs. However, significant correlations were found between the GI and areas occupied by CAs, suggesting that the CAs are associated with greater socioeconomic inequalities. Populations should be included in conservation efforts through programs that benefit these individuals, such as payment for environmental services and other conservation strategies.

A ocorrência de obstruções coronarianas que envolvem ramos laterais, com maior ou menor risco de oclusão, não é um evento raro. O tratamento percutâneo destas lesões de bifurcação tem sido um desafio para a cardiologia intervencionista. A apresentação extremamente variada, seja pela disposição dos ramos, seja pelo comprometimento da placa sobre os ramos, propiciou a descrição de várias classificações. Ainda com a utilização de angioplastia coronária com cateter-balão, muitas técnicas foram descritas. Todas apresentavam resultados tardios pouco satisfatórios. Com o aparecimento dos stents na prática clínica, outras estratégias foram descritas, com a utilização de um e dois stents. No entanto, as taxas de revascularização da lesãoalvo permaneceram altas. O uso de stents com eluição de drogas, embora mostrando melhores resultados que os stents sem eluição, ainda não teve resultados absolutamente convincentes, especialmente em relação à ocorrência de restenose no óstio do ramo lateral. Apesar de não ser uma idéia nova, outros modelos de stents especialmente desenhados para o tratamento das lesões de bifurcação, chamados stents dedicados, estão sendo testados, alguns já comercializados. Os autores fazem uma revisão das classificações destas lesões e das estratégias de tratamento propostas, analisam as principais técnicas atualmente utilizadas, suas vantagens e desvantagens, e comentam os dispositivos em desenvolvimento para o tratamento destas obstruções coronárias.

The occurrence of coronary lesions that involve side branches, with greater or lesser risk of occlusion, is not a rare event. The percutaneous treatment of these bifurcation lesions is a challenge to interventional cardiology. Their extremely varied presentation, whether due to the arrangement of the branches, or to the plaque distribution in the branches, has resulted in the description of several classifications. When coronary angioplasty was performed only with balloon catheters, many techniques were described. Results at follow up were unsatisfactory. After the introduction of stents, other strategies, using one or two stents, were described. However, the rates of target lesion revascularization remained high. Although, the use of drug-eluting stents has shown better results than bare metal stents, they are not totally convincing yet, especially in regards to the occurrence of restenosis at the ostia of side branches. Despite of not being a new idea, other models of stents specially designed for the treatment of bifurcation lesions, called dedicated stents, are being tested and some are already on the market. The authors review the classifications of bifurcation lesions and of the proposed treatment strategies, analyze the main currently used techniques with their advantages and disadvantages, as well as comment on the devices being developed for the treatment of such coronary lesions.

Foram estudados os 31 primeiros casos de aneurismas intracranianos rôtos internados nos Serviços de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo. As manifestações clínicas, exames complementares e tratamento são comentados. Onze pacientes foram tratados cirúrgicamente com mortalidade de 27,2% (3 em 11) e 20 receberam tratamento clínico, com mortalidade de 80% (16 em 20). Uma avaliação das classificações de Botterell e col. e McKissock e Walsh para divisão dos pacientes em grupos clínicos mostrou ser a classificação de Botterell um instrumento útil à formulação de um prognóstico para cada caso e eficaz no planejamento terapêutico.

Thirty one cases of intracranial aneurysms are studied and the results of clinical and surgical treatment analized as an initial basis for therapeutic planning in future cases. Operative mortality (3 deaths in 11 operated cases) was 27,2%. Mortality under clinical treatment (16 deaths in 20) was 80%. Clinical grading of patients according to Botterell et al.and McKissock and Walsh has shown that Botterell's classification is a useful tool for prognosis and therapeutic planning in intracranial aneurysms.